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PV Powered EV Charging with Grid Integration

PV Powered EV Charging with Grid Integration

Introduction to the PV-Powered EV Charging Model

The simulation model demonstrated in this video incorporates a PV-powered EV charging system that connects with the grid. This system operates under two primary modes:

  1. Charging the EV battery directly with PV power when the state of charge (SOC) is below 95%.

  2. Sending any excess PV power to the grid once the EV battery SOC reaches 95%.

Additionally, the model also supports charging the EV battery using the grid power when PV energy is unavailable, but in this explanation, we will focus on the scenario where PV power is used for charging the EV battery.



Key Components of the System

The system is composed of several critical components:

  1. Grid Integration: The model includes a grid of 154 MW with a rating of 34.5 kW, which is stepped down to 400V and connected to the point of common coupling (PCC).

  2. PV Panel: The PV panel is rated at around 25 kW and feeds its power into a boost converter, which increases the voltage from 329V to 470V.

  3. Boost Converter: This converter steps up the voltage from the PV panel to match the DC link voltage, which is essential for the efficient charging of the EV battery.

  4. Bi-Directional Converter: This converter is used to control the flow of power between the EV battery and the DC link, allowing for bidirectional energy flow.

  5. Inverter and Harmonic Filter: The inverter controls the flow of current to the grid and ensures the efficient conversion of power from DC to AC, while the harmonic filter ensures that the current is smooth and sinusoidal.

Modes of Operation

There are two primary modes of operation in this model based on the SOC of the EV battery:

  • When SOC is below 95%: The power generated by the PV system is used to charge the EV battery directly.

  • When SOC exceeds 95%: Any excess energy produced by the PV system is sent to the grid rather than being stored in the EV battery.

Battery Charging Logic

The charging logic is based on the SOC of the EV battery. When the SOC is below 90%, the system ensures that all power generated by the PV system is used to charge the EV battery. Once the SOC exceeds 90%, any additional PV power is sent to the grid, effectively limiting the battery’s charge to 95%.

This logic is handled by comparing the SOC of the battery with the preset thresholds, and based on this comparison, the system dynamically adjusts the flow of power either to the battery or the grid.

Simulation Model Control

The system employs advanced control strategies to manage the energy flow:

  1. Boost Converter Control: The boost converter is controlled by measuring the PV voltage and current. A reference voltage is generated, and the system adjusts the duty cycle to maintain the required voltage.

  2. Inverter Control: The inverter’s operation is managed by converting the measured voltage and current into a three-phase system. This ensures that the power delivered to the grid is smooth and synchronized.

  3. Battery Voltage and Current Control: The bi-directional converter regulates the flow of energy into and out of the EV battery to maintain a consistent voltage of 470V on the DC bus.

Monitoring and Visualization

Various scopes are used in the simulation to monitor the system's performance. These scopes track key parameters such as:

  • Grid Power: The amount of power flowing to and from the grid.

  • PV Power: The power generated by the PV system.

  • Battery Power and SOC: The power being used to charge the battery and the current state of charge of the EV battery.

  • Point of Common Coupling (PCC) Voltage and Current: The voltage and current at the connection point between the PV system, EV battery, and the grid.

Results and Simulation Outcomes

During the simulation, when the SOC of the EV battery is below 90%, the power from the PV system is directed to charge the battery. If the SOC exceeds 90%, the power generated by the PV system is instead sent to the grid. This behavior is controlled by the logic embedded in the system, which ensures that the battery is charged efficiently while optimizing the use of PV-generated energy.

The simulation model also provides real-time data on the power flow, current, and voltage levels, allowing for precise control of the system and ensuring that the battery’s SOC remains within the desired range.


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